PetriKey

Antimicrobial

Chloramphenicol

50S peptidyl-transferase inhibitor

klor-am-FEN-ih-kol

protein-synthesis50sbroad-spectrumbacteriostatictoxicity

High-yield clue

Chloramphenicol blocks 50S peptidyl transferase and is remembered for aplastic anemia and gray baby syndrome vocabulary.

Overview

A broad-spectrum protein-synthesis inhibitor studied for blocking the 50S peptidyl transferase reaction and for its classic toxicity vocabulary.

Classification

  • Protein-synthesis inhibitor
  • Binds 50S ribosomal subunit
  • Bacteriostatic
  • Broad-spectrum

Lab & identification clues

  • Inhibits peptidyl transferase / peptide-bond formation
  • Resistance via chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) concept
  • Dose-independent aplastic anemia vocabulary

Associations

  • Gray baby syndrome (immature glucuronidation) concept
  • CNS penetration study vocabulary
  • Reserve-use framing in resource-limited settings

Commonly confused with

  • Macrolides
  • Lincosamides (clindamycin)

Your notes

Original mechanism summary for microbiology study. Sources checked: CDC antimicrobial-resistance guidance, NCBI Bookshelf Medical Microbiology, and standard coursework frameworks; reviewed 2026-06. Covers class, mechanism, and resistance vocabulary only; no prescribing, dosing, or patient-specific treatment guidance.

CDC: CDC antimicrobial resistance overview and threat reportssourceWHO: WHO bacterial priority pathogens list 2024sourceNCBI Bookshelf: Medical Microbiology antimicrobial mechanism foundationssource