PetriKey

Disease

Viral hepatitis overview

Hepatitis A-E: routes and chronicity

hep-uh-TYE-tis

liverhepatitisfecal-oralbloodborneviral

High-yield clue

Jaundice with high transaminases; A and E are fecal-oral and acute, while B, C, and D are bloodborne and can become chronic.

Overview

An umbrella of liver inflammation from hepatitis viruses A through E, studied for contrasting transmission routes, chronicity risk, and cross-dependencies such as HDV needing HBV.

Classification

  • Viral liver inflammation syndrome
  • Hepatitis viruses A-E
  • Acute vs chronic patterns
  • Transaminase (ALT/AST) elevation

Lab & identification clues

  • Elevated ALT/AST with jaundice vocabulary
  • Hepatitis serology panels (HBsAg, anti-HCV)
  • Fecal-oral (A, E) vs bloodborne (B, C, D) route contrast

Associations

  • A and E: contaminated food/water, usually self-limited
  • B, C, D: blood, sexual, and perinatal spread with chronic risk
  • HDV requires HBV coinfection or superinfection
  • Chronic B/C link to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

Commonly confused with

  • Alcoholic hepatitis
  • EBV/CMV hepatitis
  • Leptospirosis (Weil syndrome)

Your notes

Original student-study summary. Sources checked: OpenStax Microbiology 2e, NCBI Bookshelf Medical Microbiology, and CDC topic pages where applicable; reviewed 2026-06. Educational only; no diagnosis, treatment, dosing, or specimen-handling guidance.

OpenStax: Microbiology 2e organism classification foundationssourceNCBI Bookshelf: Medical Microbiology organism chapterssourceCDC: CDC disease and public-health topic pagessource